Systemic Lupus红斑(SLE)是一种罕见的自身免疫疾病,其特征是令人无法预测的耀斑和缓解的速度,具有不同的表现形式。狼疮性肾炎,SLE用于器官损伤和死亡率的主要疾病表现之一,是卢布斯分类标准的关键组成部分。因此,准确地鉴定电子健康记录(EHRS)中的狼疮性肾炎将使大型队列观察研究和临床试验有益于患者人口的表征对于招聘,研究设计和分析至关重要。可以通过程序代码和结构化数据来认可狼疮肾炎,例如实验室测试。然而,记录狼疮肾炎的其他关键信息,例如来自肾脏活检和先前的医学史叙事的组织学报告,需要复杂的文本处理,以从病理报告和临床笔记中挖掘信息。在这项研究中,我们开发了使用EHR数据识别鉴定狼疮肾炎的血管肾炎,而不使用自然语言处理(NLP)。我们开发了四种算法:仅使用结构化数据(基线算法)和使用不同NLP模型的三种算法的规则的算法。这三种NLP模型基于正则化逻辑回归,并使用不同的特征集,包括积极提及概念独特标识符(Cue),耐备的外观数量,以及三个部件的混合物。基线算法和最佳执行的NLP算法在Vanderbilt University Center(VUMC)的数据集上验证了外部验证。我们最佳地执行来自结构化数据,正则表达式概念和映射的特征的NLP模型,与基线狼疮性肾炎算法相比,在NMEDW(0.41 VS 0.79)和VUMC(0.62 VS 0.96)数据集中有所改善。
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Learning fair graph representations for downstream applications is becoming increasingly important, but existing work has mostly focused on improving fairness at the global level by either modifying the graph structure or objective function without taking into account the local neighborhood of a node. In this work, we formally introduce the notion of neighborhood fairness and develop a computational framework for learning such locally fair embeddings. We argue that the notion of neighborhood fairness is more appropriate since GNN-based models operate at the local neighborhood level of a node. Our neighborhood fairness framework has two main components that are flexible for learning fair graph representations from arbitrary data: the first aims to construct fair neighborhoods for any arbitrary node in a graph and the second enables adaption of these fair neighborhoods to better capture certain application or data-dependent constraints, such as allowing neighborhoods to be more biased towards certain attributes or neighbors in the graph.Furthermore, while link prediction has been extensively studied, we are the first to investigate the graph representation learning task of fair link classification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed neighborhood fairness framework for a variety of graph machine learning tasks including fair link prediction, link classification, and learning fair graph embeddings. Notably, our approach achieves not only better fairness but also increases the accuracy in the majority of cases across a wide variety of graphs, problem settings, and metrics.
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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最近显示外部眼睛照片显示出糖尿病性视网膜疾病和HBA1C升高的迹象。在本文中,我们评估外部眼睛照片是否包含有关其他系统性医疗状况的信息。我们开发了一个深度学习系统(DLS),该系统将外部眼睛的照片作为输入,并预测多个全身参数,例如与肝脏有关的参数(白蛋白,AST);肾脏(EGFR使用无种族的2021 CKD-EPI肌酐方程,尿液ACR);骨与矿物质(钙);甲状腺(TSH);和血数(HGB,WBC,血小板)。开发利用了49,015例糖尿病患者的151,237张图像,在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县的11个地点接受糖尿病眼镜筛查。评估重点是9个预先指定的全身参数,并利用了3个验证集(a,b,c),涵盖了28,869名患有和没有糖尿病的患者,在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县和大亚特兰大地区的3个独立地点进行了眼睛筛查。我们将结合了可用临床人口统计学变量的基线模型(例如年龄,性别,种族/种族,糖尿病年)进行了比较。相对于基线,DLS在检测AST> 36,钙<8.6,egfr <60,HGB <11,血小板<150,ACR> = 300和WBC <4时,在检测AST> 36,钙<8.6,Egfr <60,HGB <60,HGB <60,calcium <8.6,Egfr <60,calcium <8.6和wbc <4时,达到了统计学上的显着性能,并且类似于开发集的人口),其中DLS的AUC超过基线的AUC,增长了5.2-19.4%。在验证集B和C方面,与开发集相比,患者人群的差异很大,DLS的表现优于ACR> = 300的基线,而HGB <11升至7.3-13.2%。我们的发现提供了进一步的证据,表明外部眼睛照片包含跨越多器官系统的全身健康生物标志物。需要进一步的工作来研究这些生物标志物是否以及如何转化为临床影响。
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基金标记为无人机提供了一种计算廉价的方式,以确定其在降落垫方面的位置并执行精确着陆。但是,该领域中的大多数现有工作都使用固定的,向下的朝向摄像头,该相机无法利用许多无人机上发现的常见的kimbal安装相机设置。这种刚性系统无法轻易跟踪检测到的标记,并且可能在非理想条件下(例如风阵)忽略了标记。本文评估了April Tag和WhyCode Futchial Systems,用于使用带有饰品的单眼相机登陆无人机着陆,具有无人机系统可以随着时间的推移跟踪标记的优势。但是,由于相机的方向发生了变化,因此我们必须知道标记的方向,这在单眼基准系统中是不可靠的。此外,系统必须快速。我们提出了2种方法来缓解怀尔科德的方向歧义,以及提高四月标签的运行时检测率的1种方法。我们根据标记方向歧义和检测率对2个默认系统评估了3个系统。我们在RASPBERRY PI 4上的ROS框架中测试了标记检测速率,并在其性能方面对系统进行排名。我们的第一个WHYCODE变体可显着降低方向歧义,而检测率无关紧要。我们的第二个WHYCODE变体与默认的WhyCode系统没有明显不同的方向歧义,但确实提供了多标记WhyCode Bundle Bunddle Bunsebless的其他功能。我们的4月标签变体不会显示Raspberry Pi 4的性能改进。
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联合学习框架通常需要协作者共享共同模型的本地渐变更新,而不是共享培训数据以保留隐私。但是,在梯度泄漏攻击的事先工作表明,可以从梯度揭示私人培训数据。到目前为止,几乎所有相关工程都基于完全连接或卷积神经网络的攻击。鉴于近期适应变压器以解决多种愿景任务的绝大多大浪潮,调查视觉变压器的隐私风险是非常有价值的。在本文中,我们分析了基于自我关注机制的渐变泄漏风险,以理论和实用的方式。特别是,我们提出了4月 - 注意隐私泄漏,这对自我关注的博览会造成了强烈的威胁,如vit。展示视觉变压器如何通过梯度泄露隐私泄漏的风险,我们敦促设计隐私更安全的变压器模型和防守方案的重要性。
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在这项工作中,我们考虑欺骗性的欺骗性的集合愚人节(AFD)新闻文章作为欺骗检测任务的现有数据集中的有用添加。这些系列具有既定的基础事实,跨语言构建相对容易。因此,我们介绍了一个包含来自希腊报纸和新闻网站的历时的AFD和正常文章的语料库。最重要的是,我们建立了丰富的语言功能集,并与目前可用的唯一AFD系列进行了分析,并比较其欺骗性提示,这是英文。在目前的研究线程之后,我们还讨论了对这两个数据集的欺骗中的个人主义/集体主义维度。最后,我们通过测试各种单声道和Crosslingual设置来构建分类器。结果展示了AFD数据集可以有助于欺骗检测研究,并且与其他欺骗性检测工作的观察结果进行对齐。
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